Make a short note on the histological structure of liver.

Make a short note on the histological structure of liver:

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Introduction to liver:

The largest gland of the body liver, is a vital organ of the digestive system.

• Weight of the liver in case of male is 1.4-1.8kg and in case of female it is 1.2-1.4kg.

Liver (organ).png , Image by-BruceBlaus , Source , License-CC BY-SA4.0

Location of the liver: 

• The almost fully occupies the right hypochondriam , upper part of the epigastrium and part of the left hypochondriam up to the left lateral line.
• It lies mostly under cover of the ribs and costal cartilages, immediately below the diaphragm.
• It extends upward under the rib-cage as far as the 5th rib anteriorly on the right side and left 5th intercostal space anteriorly on the left side.
• In the middle the upper border lies at the level of xiphisternal joint.
• The sharp inferior border crosses the midline at the level of transpyloric plane.

Histological structure of liver:

Traditionally, the liver has been divided into right and left lobe . Right lobe is much larger than the left lobe and consists of caudate and quadrate lobes.

The left lobe is much smaller and consists of 1/6th of total
weight of liver.

But in current terminology the liver consists of right and left part called portal lobe, which are functionally independent part.And their size is approximately equal.Thus  functionally the left part of the liver consists of caudate lobe and most of the quadrate lobe.

⏹️The liver posses considerable regeneration power.Due to active mitotic division of the cell original liver mass can be restored within 6-8 weeks of removal of up to 3/4ths of liver.
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⏺️ Structural characteristics of liver:

Hepatic lobes of liver :

Liver is made up of many lobes, which are known as hepatic lobes.Each  lobe is made up of many lobules, known as hepatic lobules.

Hepatic lobules of liver:

• Hepatic lobule is known as the structural and functional unit of the liver.
• In sections through the liver ,the substance which is present in the organ appears to be made up of hexagonal areas that constitute the hepatic lobules. 

• There are about 50000-100000. lobules present in the liver.

• In transverse section it is seen that each lobule is made up of cords of liver cells ,and they are separated by sinusoids.

Hepatocytes in liver :

• Hepatocytes are liver cells , they unite to  form liver. Each hepatocyte is a large cell ,in the centre of which, present a open faced nucleus,with prominent nucleoli.
• The cytoplasm of hepatocytes contains a well developed golgi complex,abundant rough and smooth endoplasmic reticulam, numerous mitochondria, lysosomes and vacuoles containing various enzymes.
• A hepatocytes ,in it surface can show three types of specialization these are- Intercellular surface, canalicular surface and sinusoidal surface.

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Class 11 note || Structure and functions of endoplasmic reticulum

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